UK General Service Medal 1918

The General Service Medal (1918 GSM) was instituted to recognise service in minor Army and Royal Air Force operations. Local forces, including police, qualified for many of the clasps, as could units of the Indian Army prior to 1947. 

The GSM was equivalent to the 1915 Naval General Service Medal.  Both these medals were replaced by the General Service Medal in 1962.

 

Description

The 1918 GSM is a circular silver medal, 36 mm in diameter, with following design:

The obverse shows the crowned effigy of the reigning monarch with an appropriate inscription.

The reverse bears the standing winged figure of Victory in a Corinthian helmet and carrying a trident, bestowing a wreath on the emblems of the Army (the sword) and the RAF (the wings). It was designed by E Carter Preston. 

The 32 mm wide ribbon has three equal stripes of purple, dark green and purple. 

The service number, rank, name and regiment or corps of the recipient are impressed on the rim of the medal in small block capitals. 

A bronze oak leaf emblem is worn on the ribbon of the medal to signify a mention in dispatches or King's/Queen’s Commendation for a campaign for which the GSM was awarded.

 

 

Clasps

A total of eighteen clasps were awarded, the medal never being awarded without a clasp. The clasps consist of silver bars bearing the name of the relevant campaign or theatre of operations. They were attached to the medal's suspension bar. 

Clasps and the award criteria for operations in Malaya and Borneo :

 

Malaya

For service in Malaya and Singapore against communist guerrilla forces.

The qualifying dates for service were between 16 June 1948 and 31 July 1960. For the Colony of Singapore, the date period was between 16 June 1948 to 31 January 1959.

Recipients who served after 31 August 1957, the day Malaya became an independent member of the Commonwealth, were subsequently awarded and given permission to accept the Malaysian Pingat Jasa Malaysia Medal from 2007 and wear them from 2011.

 

Brunei

For a minimum 1 days' service in at least one of the operational areas located in the State of Brunei, North Borneo or Sarawak between 8 and 23 December 1962.

UK Coins’ Royal Portrait – Queen Elizabeth

Mary Gillick Portrait ( 1953 - 1967 ) 

The first portrait of Her Majesty The Queen to appear on a coin was issued in 1953. The portrait was fresh, evocative and beautifully reflected the optimistic mood of the nation as it greeted a new Elizabethan era. It was designed by Mary Gillick and shows The Queen wearing a wreath. It was used on both United Kingdom coinage and the coinage of many commonwealth countries until Arnold Machin’s portrait of The Queen was adopted for decimal coins.

Arnold Machin RA Portrait ( 1968 - 1984 )

Although decimalisation did not take place until 1971, the first decimal coins – the 5p and 10p – entered circulation in April 1968. They were introduced as replacements of shillings and florins, and because they corresponded exactly in size and value they were able to circulate together until 1971 when the coinage officially changed to decimal coins. As such they served a useful purpose in preparing the public for what was to happen.

As part of the change, a new portrait of The Queen was adopted for the decimal coins. Designed by Arnold Machin RA, it had in fact been approved by The Queen as early as June 1964. Like Mary Gillick, Machin avoided the couped portrait - cut off by the neck - which had been usual on coins earlier in the century. The wreath, however, was replaced with the tiara which The Queen had been given as a wedding present from her grandmother, Queen Mary. A modified version of Machin’s portrait has appeared on definitive British postage stamps since 1967 – and as a result it is possibly the most reproduced image in history.

Raphael Maklouf Portrait ( 1985 - 1997 )

From 1985 to 1997, UK circulating coins were struck bearing a royal portrait by the sculptor Raphael Maklouf. The couped portrait – cut off at the neck – shows The Queen with the royal diadem which she wears on her way to and from the State Opening of Parliament. Unlike the Gillick and Machin portraits of The Queen, Raphael Maklouf’s portrait also included a necklace and earrings. Having been accused by some of sculpting The Queen ‘flatteringly young’, the artist responded that such critics had misunderstood his intention which was ‘to create a symbol, regal and ageless’.

A close examination reveals the artist’s initials, RDM, on the truncation of the neck. The inclusion of the middle letter – for David – was to ensure that the signature would not be misinterpreted as a reference to The Royal Mint.

There is a long-standing urban myth that the first bi-colour £2 coins – bearing the Maklouf portrait and dated 1997 – are rare and valuable. But given that more than 13 million of these coins were issued, this is certainly not the case.

Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS Portrait  ( 1998 - 2014 )

The idea of replacing the Maklouf portrait had its origins in a competition held by The Royal Mint to design the obverse of the 1997 Golden Wedding crown. Such was the standard of the entries for the conjoint portrait of The Queen and Prince Philip that it was decided to explore the possibility of a new standard portrait for the circulating coins as well.

The winning design by Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS – introduced in 1998 – makes an interesting contrast with its immediate predecessor, being less idealised and more strongly realistic. So far as Mr Rank-Broadley was concerned, there was ‘no need to disguise the matureness of the Queen’s years. There is no need to flatter her. She is a 70-year-old woman with poise and bearing’. Conscious that the coinage was getting smaller – the 5p, 10p and 50p coins having been reduced in size in 1990, 1992 and 1997 respectively – he also deliberately made the image as large as possible within the framework of the coin’s outer edge.

Jody Clark Portrait ( 2015 -  )

The portrait of The Queen by Jody Clark was unveiled in 2015 and is the fifth definitive coinage portrait of Her Majesty. It will become the fourth portrait of The Queen in circulation, with the Machin, Maklouf and Rank-Broadley portraits still featuring on the circulating coinage of the United Kingdom. Jody Clark is the first Royal Mint engraver to design a definitive royal coinage portrait in over 100 years.

Source : http://www.royalmint.com